How do LSD trips affect the brain’s communication networks

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) significantly alters brain communication networks, leading to profound changes in perception and cognition. Research has shown that LSD primarily acts on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, which plays a crucial role in modulating various brain functions.

Key Effects on Brain Communication Networks

Increased Connectivity

LSD enhances connectivity between different brain regions, particularly those involved in sensory processing and introspection. This increased communication allows for a more integrated experience of sensory information and self-reflection. Studies have indicated that during an LSD trip, there is a notable increase in global functional connectivity, especially among high-level association cortices that overlap with the default mode, salience, and frontoparietal attention networks

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Reduction of Functional Connections

While LSD boosts connectivity in some areas, it also reduces functional connections between regions responsible for cognitive processes. This dual effect results in a unique state where the brain’s modular organization is compromised, allowing for a more fluid exchange of information across normally distinct networks

13. This phenomenon is often associated with feelings of ego dissolution, where users report a diminished sense of self and a greater sense of unity with their surroundings26.

Energy Landscape Flattening

LSD lowers the energy required for transitions between different brain states. This “flattening” of the energy landscape means that neural connections can shift more freely between states, facilitating diverse and entropic brain activity. It allows for easier movement from one cognitive state to another without the constraints typically imposed by prior beliefs or experiences

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Excitation/Inhibition Balance

The drug also perturbs the excitation/inhibition balance within the brain. While some regions exhibit stronger interregional connectivity under LSD, others show increased self-inhibition, particularly in visual processing areas. This suggests a complex modulation of neural dynamics that can lead to heightened sensory experiences and altered perceptions

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Conclusion

The effects of LSD on brain communication networks illustrate its potential to unlock new modes of thought and perception. By increasing connectivity among diverse brain regions while simultaneously altering the excitation/inhibition balance, LSD creates a unique neurochemical environment conducive to altered states of consciousness. These findings not only enhance our understanding of psychedelics but also open avenues for therapeutic applications in mental health treatment.